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OPENCitation: Cell Death and Illness (2013) 4, e743; doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.268 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 2041-4889/nature/cddisDifferentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into Schwann cell phenotype induces expression of P2X receptors that handle cell deathA Faroni,1,2, SW Rothwell2, AA Grolla2, G Terenghi1, V Magnaghi3 in addition to a VerkhratskySchwann cells (SCs) are fundamental for improvement, myelination and regeneration in the peripheral nervous method. Slow development rate and troubles in harvesting limit SC applications in regenerative medicine. Quite a few molecules, like receptors for neurosteroids and neurotransmitters, have already been recommended to become implicated in regulating physiology and regenerative possible of SCs. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) might be differentiated into SC-like phenotype (dASC) sharing morphological and functional properties with SC, thus representing a valid SC option. We’ve previously shown that dASC mTOR Inhibitor Compound express c-aminobutyric-acid receptors, which modulate their proliferation and neurotrophic prospective, while tiny is identified about the part of other neurotransmitters in ASC. In this study, we investigated the expression of purinergic receptors in dASC. Using reverse transriptase (RT)-PCR, western blot analyses and immunocytochemistry, we’ve got demonstrated that ASCs express P2X3, P2X4 and P2X7 purinoceptors. Differentiation of ASCs towards glial phenotype was accompanied by upregulation of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors. Working with Ca2 ?-imaging techniques, we’ve got shown that stimulation of purinoceptors with adenosine 50 -triphosphate (ATP) triggers intracellular Ca2 ?signals, indicating functional activity of those receptors. Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings showed that ATP and BzATP induced ion currents that can be fully inhibited with precise P2X7 antagonists. Ultimately, working with cytotoxicity assays we’ve shown that the raise of intracellular Ca2 ?leads to dASC death, an impact that may be prevented employing a precise P2X7 antagonist. Altogether, these final results show, for the initial time, the presence of functional P2X7 receptors in dASC and their link with important physiological processes which include cell death and survival. The presence of those novel pharmacological targets in dASC might open new opportunities for the management of cell survival and neurotrophic possible in tissue engineering approaches applying dASC for nerve repair. Cell Death and Disease (2013) four, e743; doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.268; published on the web 25 JulySubject Category: Neuroscience enhancing nerve regeneration;9?1 however, the slow expansion rate and issues in harvesting limit deployment of SCs as transplantable cells.12 Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a clinically viable option to SC.13?eight SC-like differentiated ASCs (dASC) express glial markers and development elements,14,18 generate myelin,15,19,20 induce neurites outgrowth in vitro 14,20,21 an.