Ssimilatory sulfate reduction. The pathway using the lowest abundance was sulfur reduction (Figure 2A). As shown in Supplementary Table S1, the best 10 abundant genes were heterodisulfide reductase (hdrA/D), arylsulfatase (atsA), dimethylsulfoniopropionateWater 2021, 13, x FOR PEER Assessment Water 2021, 13,five of 16 5 ofheterodisulfide reductase (hdrA/D), arylsulfatase (atsA), dimethylsulfoniopropionate dedemethylase(dmdB/A), adenylylsulfate kinase (cysC), sulfur carrier YMU1 Inhibitor protein (tusA), cysteine methylase (dmdB/A), adenylylsulfate kinase sulfur carrier protein (tusA), cysteine biosynthesis protein (cysE/K), and tetrathionate reductase (ttrB). Certain gene (sub)households, biosynthesis protein (cysE/K), and tetrathionate reductase (ttrB). Specific gene (sub)famisuch as ATP sulfurylase (aps), sulfite dehydrogenase (sorT), and adenylyl sulfate reductase lies, which include ATP sulfurylase (aps), sulfite dehydrogenase (sorT), and adenylyl sulfate re(APR), were hardly ever detected in the current samplingsampling depth2B, Supplementary ductase (APR), had been hardly ever detected in the current depth (Figure (Figure 2B, SuppleTable S1). This getting indicated the low abundance abundance of (sub)families in organic mentary Table S1). This discovering indicated the low of those gene these gene (sub)families environments, and deeper and deeper sequencing depths needs to be usedmetagenomes to in natural environments, sequencing depths need to be utilized in shotgun in shotgun metacapture thesecapture these genes. genomes to genes.Figure 2.two. (A) Pathway abundance values in samples. (B) Bar chart chart indicating the relative abunFigure (A) Pathway abundance values in the the samples. (B) Bar indicating the relative abundances values ofvalues of 12 abundant sulfur gene (sub)families in each sample. dances 12 abundant sulfur gene (sub)families in every single sample.three.2. Microbial Diversity Based on Metagenomics three.2. Microbial Diversity Primarily based on Metagenomics To study the distribution from the dissimilatory sulfate reduction in microbial commuTo study the distribution with the dissimilatory sulfate reduction in microbial communities, we annotated the taxonomy. Taxonomic assignments indicated that members of nities, we annotated the taxonomy. Taxonomic assignments indicated that members of Desulfobacterales, which had compositions ranging from 16 to 22 across each sample, Desulfobacterales, which had compositions ranging from 16 to 22 across every sample, were dominant (Figure 3A). Other orders, which include Spirochaetales, Cellvibrionales, and Gemwere dominant (Figure 3A). Other orders, which include Spirochaetales, Cellvibrionales, and Gemmatimonadales, comprised approximately 4 (Figure 3A). The abundance values of Desulmatimonadales, comprised around 4 (Figure 3A). The abundance values of Desulfatibacillum, Desulfobacterium, and Desulfosarcina in MS exceeded these in NMS, whereas fatibacillum, Desulfobacterium, and Desulfosarcina in MS exceeded these in NMS, whereas Desulfobacter, Desulfobulbus, and Desulfurivibrio in RS exceeded these in NRS (Figure 3B). A Desulfobacter, Desulfobulbus, and Desulfurivibrio in RS exceeded these in NRS (Figure 3B). significantly enriched (p 0.05) microbial taxa were also identified in these samples. For exA substantially enriched (p 0.05) microbial taxa have been also found in these samples. For ample, Olaparib manufacturer Betaproteobacteria, Methanobacteria, and Bacilli have been extremely enriched in MS, whereas instance, Betaproteobacteria, Methanobacteria, and Bacilli were extremely enriched in MS, Alp.