Ur at a moment, because interaction together with the atmosphere can only occur over time; the term momentary interaction will be an oxymoron.A rat’s lever pressing affects the programming equipment, which may possibly provide food.Even when just about every operation of your lever produces food, the pressing and consuming take time.For intermittent schedules and for extra naturalistic examples, including courtship and mating, the exclusion of moments continues to be a lot more clear.Even if we say that at a certain moment courtship was occurring, still the courtship necessarily took time beyond any moment.The epistemological purpose that behavior cannot happen at a moment is that the only way we know what activity was occurring at a certain moment is always to have observed the activity more than a span of time like that moment.We may well say that a person was courting a mate at that moment, but how do we know We know only by observing an episode of courtship that took an interval of time that included that moment.A photograph captures a moment.If I show you a photograph of an individual sitting with an open book in front of him, what can we say about his behavior He’s not operating or jumping rope, to become certain, but numerous possibilities exist He may well be reading, pretending to study, daydreaming, trying to find one thing inside the book, and so on.Our uncertainty is maximal at the moment, but if we canWILLIAM M.BAUM TABLE Comparison of probable measurements PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21576311 or observations at a moment and more than a time span for behavior and for an electronAt a moment Structure Topography Appearance Looks like Sapropterin Purity Position Over a time span Function Impact Purpose Job acquiring completed Momentumobserve him more than a span of time, we turn out to be much more particular about regardless of whether he was reading or performing some thing else.By way of example, he could continue for some time then comment on what an exciting book it truly is and why.Similarly, if I show you a photograph of a rat with its paw on a lever, you can’t be certain the rat is pressing the lever; you must observe over a span of time for you to see in the event the rat approached the lever straight as well as the lever really operated.Even then, you would will need a nevertheless larger time span to rule out the possibility that the rat was exploring the chamber and merely blundered onto the lever.A principle analogous for the Heisenberg uncertainty principle applies (Baum,).In Heisenberg’s principle, one can pin down the position of an electron only in the expense of certainty about its momentum, and we can be particular about its momentum only if we relinquish certainty about its position.At a moment, the position of an electron may be compatible with any of a sizable quantity of momenta, but if we measure the electron’s momentum, we shed track of its position.At a moment, we are able to see what an activity appears like (its topography) but we are maximally uncertain as for the job it gets performed (its function).If we observe over a span of time, we gain certainty about the function on the activity, but we shed certainty about its topography or structure.A momentary act (flipping a switch) may very well be compatible with a big quantity of functions (reading, warning a burglar, etc).At a moment, we see how the particular person sits holding the book, but over time we see him move about, flip pages, scratch his head, appear up from the page, and so on; we turn out to be extra specific that he’s reading, but significantly less specific about precisely what that looks like.Having a complicated activity like courtship, the moment may possibly tell just about nothing at all (a man and also a lady appear collectively), but our certainty.