To avoid damaging CN IX than CN X or XI.Figure three. Fascial tissue attached around the vaginal procedure. (A) Inferolateral view. The fascial layers attached towards the vag inal procedure are shown within the right cadaveric head. Tensor vascular styloid fascia types a part of the carotid sheath. (B) Inferior view. The carotid sheath was composed with the stylopharyngeal fascia, tensor vascular styloid fascia, pharyngo basilar fascia, fasciae from the longus capitis, and fascia anterior for the rectus capitis lateralis. (C) Inferior view following removal from the carotid sheath. (D) Anteroinferior view. The glossopharyngeal nerve coursing medially towards the root from the styloid approach and vaginal procedure. A., artery; C.N., cranial nerve; Cap., capitis; Dig., digastric; EAC, external auditory canal; Fibrocart., fibrocartilaginous; ICA, internal carotid artery; IJV, internal jugular vein; Lat., lateral; Late., lateralis; Lev., le vator; Extended., longus; N., nerve; Palat., palatini; Pharyngobas., pharyngobasilar; Proc., method; Pteryg., pterygoid; Rec., rectus; Sphen., sphenoid; Stylophar., stylopharyngeal; Styl., styloid; Tens., tensor; TVS, tensorvascularstyloid fascia; Vert., vertebral; Vag., vaginal.Cancers 2021, 13,18 of3.2. Variation of Bone Cutting for en Bloc Temporal Bone Resection The range of osteotomy differs amongst procedures. In cLTBR, osteotomy was lim ited as shown in Figure 4A. Nonetheless, if the tumor extended anteriorly, inferiorly, superi orly, and posteriorly in the EAC, it was not possible to eliminate the tumor having a negative margin applying cLTBR. We applied eLTBR when the tumor extended inferiorly and was close for the jugular foramen and the styloid procedure, which was resected en bloc with the EAC; the opening in the jugular foramen was often required to finish the tumor resection having a unfavorable margin (Figure 4B). If the tumor extended in to the middle ear, STBR was needed. In the event the invasion in the tumor into mastoid cavity was restricted, mSTBR, (Figure 4C) combined with posteriorly restricted mastoidectomy and temporal craniotomy, was suf ficient to finish the en bloc resection. However, if the tumor extended towards the mastoid cavity and middle ear, we necessary to execute cSTBR, including retromastoidparacondy lar approaches and big temporooccipital craniotomy (Figure 4D). From the point of view of surgical anatomy, temporal bone cutting can be divided into numerous patterns (Figures five and 6) Whether the petrous carotid is usually exposed via the glenoid fossa (transgle noid fossa process: TGP) could have an effect on the difficulty on the exposure and translocation of the petrous carotid (Figure five).Cancers 2021, 13,19 ofFigure 4. C2 Ceramide custom synthesis Threedimensional (3D) bone reconstruction following temporal bone resection. (A) Standard lateral temporal bone resection (representative case of cT2). (B) Lateral temporal bone resection with anterior and posterior extension (case 8); (C) Modified subtotal temporal bone resection (case 13). (D) Conventional subtotal temporal bone resection en bloc with TMJ (case 15). 3D, threedimensional; Vehicle., carotid; Jug., jugular; Proc., method; Styl., styloid; TMJ, temporomandib ular joint.Cancers 2021, 13,20 ofFigure five. Variation of temporal bone resection. LTBR, lateral temporal bone resection; STBR, subtotal temporal bone re section; TMJ, temporomandibular joint.three.three. Case Profile The profiles of the 21 Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid Cancer patients included inside the study are summarized in Table 1. Our dataset integrated six males and 15 females (me.