l target–NS3 protease (Gonzalez et al. 2009;Curcuma longa L. (Haridra)C. longa is among the most normally used drug in Ayurveda, a frequent spice (Thimmulappa et al. 2021) and colouring agent (Ou et al. 2013). Curcumin, among the list of primary active principle of C. longa (Li et al. 2019), is reported to inhibit NF-B activation post exposure of various inflammatory stimuli in 117 randomized handle trials. There was a substantial reduction in TNF-, IL-6, TGF- and MCP-1 following curcumin supplementation (Panahi et al. 2016). Curcumin inhibits mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 synthesis/signaling and NF-kB (IL-2 promoter transcription element) activation (Ranjan et al. 2004). Moreover, the macrophage phagocytic activity can also be improved by curcumin (Antony et al. 1999). A study exhibited that nanoparticulate curcumin stimulated greater early cell-mediated and humoral immune PI3KC3 Purity & Documentation response with comparable outcomes in secondary humoral antibody titres.Environ Sci Pollut Res (2021) 28:55925Shirole et al. 2015). Further, in a study, ethyl acetate extract of fruits of E. ribes has shown extremely PDE11 Formulation promising antiviral activity against influenza virus A/34 (H1N1), with an IC50 of 0.two g/ mL; also, the study revealed that embelin was most powerful when added at early stages with the viral life cycle (0 h postinfection), as well as, it was located efficient against avian influenza virus A/84 (H5N2) (Bachmetov et al. 2012). A study has reported that pre-treatment with embelin (5, ten and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased lung oedema, mononucleated cellular infiltration, nitrate/nitrite, total protein, albumin concentrations, TNF- within the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and myeloperoxidase activity in lung homogenate. Embelin markedly prevented pO2 down-regulation and pCO2 augmentation. Moreover, it attenuated lung histopathological alterations in acute respiratory distress syndrome model, therefore exhibiting lung defending house and anti-inflammatory activity in lung cell. hence could be a promising herb in stopping lung damage like complications in COVID-19 (Hossan et al. 2018). A recent computational study reports the part of embelin to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protease more specifically on account of formation of a covalent bond in between S (Cys145) and an embelin C (carbonyl). This can be further assisted by two protein amino acids N (imidazole-His41) which are capable to capture H[S(Cys145)] and HN(His163), which donate a proton to embelin O(carbonyl) forming an OH moiety. This outcomes in inhibition with the viral protease (Caruso et al. 2020). Ayurvedic literature primarily counts the fruits of E. ribes for its impact as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and remedy for abdominal disorders and lung fungus infections (Dwivedi et al. 2019). This drug has been reported for the remedy of influenza in 1919 (Menon 1919). Respiratory distress is one of the major symptoms located during the second surge of SARS-CoV-2 in India. E. ribes also possesses anti-inflammatory and protective impact against LPS-induced airway inflammation by minimizing nitrosative stress, physiological parameters of blood gas transform, TNF and mononucleated cellular infiltration, indicating it as a potential therapeutic agent for acute respiratory distress syndrome (Shirole et al. 2015). The drug might be repurposed for the respiratory distress happening in SARS-CoV-2. Potassium embelate, 2,5-dihydroxy, 3-undecyl-1, 4-benzoquinone, derived from E. ribes was tested for subacute, chron